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primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells bmscs  (ATCC)


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    Structured Review

    ATCC primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells bmscs
    The effect of Van@CuTA on <t>BMSCs</t> and HUVECs. A CCK-8 assay demonstrated no toxicity of Van@CuTA toward BMSCs. B Representative images of alizarin red staining, revealing increased calcium deposition in BMSCs treated with Van@CuTA. C , D Representative images and statistical analysis of HUVECs migration assay demonstrating a significant increase in migrated cells following Van@CuTA treatment. E – G Tube formation assay images and corresponding quantifications of total tube length and node number per view indicated that Van@CuTA significantly promoted HUVECs’ tube formation. (* indicated p < 0.05)
    Primary Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Bmscs, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 778 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/primary+bone+marrow+mesenchymal+stem+cells+bmscs/Bone+Marrow-Derived+Mesenchymal+Stem+Cells%3B+Normal%2C+Human/pmc12689770-64-0-17
    Average 96 stars, based on 778 article reviews
    primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells bmscs - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Copper tannic acid coordination nanosheet as a potent in-situ antibiotic sustained-release carrier for chronic osteomyelitis"

    Article Title: Copper tannic acid coordination nanosheet as a potent in-situ antibiotic sustained-release carrier for chronic osteomyelitis

    Journal: Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine

    doi: 10.1007/s10856-025-06979-z

    The effect of Van@CuTA on BMSCs and HUVECs. A CCK-8 assay demonstrated no toxicity of Van@CuTA toward BMSCs. B Representative images of alizarin red staining, revealing increased calcium deposition in BMSCs treated with Van@CuTA. C , D Representative images and statistical analysis of HUVECs migration assay demonstrating a significant increase in migrated cells following Van@CuTA treatment. E – G Tube formation assay images and corresponding quantifications of total tube length and node number per view indicated that Van@CuTA significantly promoted HUVECs’ tube formation. (* indicated p < 0.05)
    Figure Legend Snippet: The effect of Van@CuTA on BMSCs and HUVECs. A CCK-8 assay demonstrated no toxicity of Van@CuTA toward BMSCs. B Representative images of alizarin red staining, revealing increased calcium deposition in BMSCs treated with Van@CuTA. C , D Representative images and statistical analysis of HUVECs migration assay demonstrating a significant increase in migrated cells following Van@CuTA treatment. E – G Tube formation assay images and corresponding quantifications of total tube length and node number per view indicated that Van@CuTA significantly promoted HUVECs’ tube formation. (* indicated p < 0.05)

    Techniques Used: CCK-8 Assay, Staining, Migration, Tube Formation Assay



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    The effect of Van@CuTA on <t>BMSCs</t> and HUVECs. A CCK-8 assay demonstrated no toxicity of Van@CuTA toward BMSCs. B Representative images of alizarin red staining, revealing increased calcium deposition in BMSCs treated with Van@CuTA. C , D Representative images and statistical analysis of HUVECs migration assay demonstrating a significant increase in migrated cells following Van@CuTA treatment. E – G Tube formation assay images and corresponding quantifications of total tube length and node number per view indicated that Van@CuTA significantly promoted HUVECs’ tube formation. (* indicated p < 0.05)
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    The effect of Van@CuTA on <t>BMSCs</t> and HUVECs. A CCK-8 assay demonstrated no toxicity of Van@CuTA toward BMSCs. B Representative images of alizarin red staining, revealing increased calcium deposition in BMSCs treated with Van@CuTA. C , D Representative images and statistical analysis of HUVECs migration assay demonstrating a significant increase in migrated cells following Van@CuTA treatment. E – G Tube formation assay images and corresponding quantifications of total tube length and node number per view indicated that Van@CuTA significantly promoted HUVECs’ tube formation. (* indicated p < 0.05)
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    Asp 10 SAC4A enables hypoxia-activated senolysis and promotes osteogenic differentiation in vitro. A ) Heatmap of combination index (CI) values at different D: Q ratios and fraction affected (Fa) levels, showing synergistic effects of Dasatinib and Quercetin (DQ). B ) Cell viability curves of normal <t>BMSCs,</t> senescent BMSCs (Sn-BMSCs), and Sn-BMSCs under hypoxia treated with vehicle, free DQ, Asp 10 SAC4A, or DQ@Asp 10 SAC4A. C ) Representative SA-β-Gal staining images of senescent cells treated with different formulations under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and quantification of SA-β-Gal-positive area (%) ( n = 4/group). Scale bar: 100 μm. D–F ) Representative Western blot images ( D ) and quantitative analyses ( E , F ) of senescence markers P16 and P21 expression in different treatment groups ( n = 3/group). G ) Representative alkaline phosphatase (ALP, upper panel) and Alizarin Red staining (ARS, lower panel) images demonstrating osteogenic differentiation after indicated treatments under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. H–J ) Representative Western blot images ( H ) and quantitative analyses ( I , J ) showing protein expression levels of osteogenic markers RUNX2 and osteopontin (OPN) ( n = 3/group). (Data are presented as mean ± SD; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; n = 3–4/group)
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    Images of <t>BMSCs</t> extracted from rat bone marrow ( A ). Cytoskeleton staining of BMSCs grown on different scaffolds for 3 d ( B ). Live/dead staining of BMSCs grown on different scaffolds for 3 d ( C ). The proliferation of BMSCs on different composite scaffolds for 1, 4, and 7 d ( D ). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
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    Physicochemical characterization and biocompatibility assessment of the SQPdFT surfaces. (a) SEM images showing the surface morphology of Ti, 3DFT, PdFT, SPdFT, and SQPdFT. Scale bar: 500 nm and 100 nm, respectively. (b) EDS elemental mapping (Ag, O, C, and N) images of the SQPdFT surfaces. Scale bar: 1 μm. (c) Contact angles of the various surfaces. (d) XRD patterns of 3DFT, PdFT, SPdFT, and SQPdFT. (e) Raman shifts for 3DFT, PdFT, SPdFT, and SQPdFT. (f) FTIR spectra of PDA, Que, and SQPdFT. (g) Cell viability of RAW264.7 cells cultured on different Ti plates for 24, 48, and 72 h. Data represents the means ± S.D. (n = 5 per group). n.s. indicates no significance. (h) CLSM images of <t>BMSCs</t> adhered onto the different Ti sheet's surfaces. Scale bar: 200 μm, respectively.
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    Identification of <t>BMSCs-exosomes.</t> (A) Size distribution of BMSCs-exosomes. (B) transmission electron microscopy image of BMSCs-exosomes. Scale bars: 100 nm. (C) Western blot results of exosome surface proteins
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    Image Search Results


    The effect of Van@CuTA on BMSCs and HUVECs. A CCK-8 assay demonstrated no toxicity of Van@CuTA toward BMSCs. B Representative images of alizarin red staining, revealing increased calcium deposition in BMSCs treated with Van@CuTA. C , D Representative images and statistical analysis of HUVECs migration assay demonstrating a significant increase in migrated cells following Van@CuTA treatment. E – G Tube formation assay images and corresponding quantifications of total tube length and node number per view indicated that Van@CuTA significantly promoted HUVECs’ tube formation. (* indicated p < 0.05)

    Journal: Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine

    Article Title: Copper tannic acid coordination nanosheet as a potent in-situ antibiotic sustained-release carrier for chronic osteomyelitis

    doi: 10.1007/s10856-025-06979-z

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of Van@CuTA on BMSCs and HUVECs. A CCK-8 assay demonstrated no toxicity of Van@CuTA toward BMSCs. B Representative images of alizarin red staining, revealing increased calcium deposition in BMSCs treated with Van@CuTA. C , D Representative images and statistical analysis of HUVECs migration assay demonstrating a significant increase in migrated cells following Van@CuTA treatment. E – G Tube formation assay images and corresponding quantifications of total tube length and node number per view indicated that Van@CuTA significantly promoted HUVECs’ tube formation. (* indicated p < 0.05)

    Article Snippet: Primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were obtained from ATCC.

    Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, Staining, Migration, Tube Formation Assay

    Asp 10 SAC4A enables hypoxia-activated senolysis and promotes osteogenic differentiation in vitro. A ) Heatmap of combination index (CI) values at different D: Q ratios and fraction affected (Fa) levels, showing synergistic effects of Dasatinib and Quercetin (DQ). B ) Cell viability curves of normal BMSCs, senescent BMSCs (Sn-BMSCs), and Sn-BMSCs under hypoxia treated with vehicle, free DQ, Asp 10 SAC4A, or DQ@Asp 10 SAC4A. C ) Representative SA-β-Gal staining images of senescent cells treated with different formulations under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and quantification of SA-β-Gal-positive area (%) ( n = 4/group). Scale bar: 100 μm. D–F ) Representative Western blot images ( D ) and quantitative analyses ( E , F ) of senescence markers P16 and P21 expression in different treatment groups ( n = 3/group). G ) Representative alkaline phosphatase (ALP, upper panel) and Alizarin Red staining (ARS, lower panel) images demonstrating osteogenic differentiation after indicated treatments under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. H–J ) Representative Western blot images ( H ) and quantitative analyses ( I , J ) showing protein expression levels of osteogenic markers RUNX2 and osteopontin (OPN) ( n = 3/group). (Data are presented as mean ± SD; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; n = 3–4/group)

    Journal: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

    Article Title: Supramolecular delivery of senolytics enables targeted anti-senescence therapy and accelerated fracture healing

    doi: 10.1186/s12951-026-04138-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Asp 10 SAC4A enables hypoxia-activated senolysis and promotes osteogenic differentiation in vitro. A ) Heatmap of combination index (CI) values at different D: Q ratios and fraction affected (Fa) levels, showing synergistic effects of Dasatinib and Quercetin (DQ). B ) Cell viability curves of normal BMSCs, senescent BMSCs (Sn-BMSCs), and Sn-BMSCs under hypoxia treated with vehicle, free DQ, Asp 10 SAC4A, or DQ@Asp 10 SAC4A. C ) Representative SA-β-Gal staining images of senescent cells treated with different formulations under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and quantification of SA-β-Gal-positive area (%) ( n = 4/group). Scale bar: 100 μm. D–F ) Representative Western blot images ( D ) and quantitative analyses ( E , F ) of senescence markers P16 and P21 expression in different treatment groups ( n = 3/group). G ) Representative alkaline phosphatase (ALP, upper panel) and Alizarin Red staining (ARS, lower panel) images demonstrating osteogenic differentiation after indicated treatments under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. H–J ) Representative Western blot images ( H ) and quantitative analyses ( I , J ) showing protein expression levels of osteogenic markers RUNX2 and osteopontin (OPN) ( n = 3/group). (Data are presented as mean ± SD; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; n = 3–4/group)

    Article Snippet: Primary mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were purchased from Servicebio (Catalog number STCC6011P).

    Techniques: In Vitro, Staining, Western Blot, Expressing

    Images of BMSCs extracted from rat bone marrow ( A ). Cytoskeleton staining of BMSCs grown on different scaffolds for 3 d ( B ). Live/dead staining of BMSCs grown on different scaffolds for 3 d ( C ). The proliferation of BMSCs on different composite scaffolds for 1, 4, and 7 d ( D ). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

    Journal: Journal of Functional Biomaterials

    Article Title: Cu-MOF-Decorated 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Infection Control and Bone Regeneration

    doi: 10.3390/jfb16030083

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Images of BMSCs extracted from rat bone marrow ( A ). Cytoskeleton staining of BMSCs grown on different scaffolds for 3 d ( B ). Live/dead staining of BMSCs grown on different scaffolds for 3 d ( C ). The proliferation of BMSCs on different composite scaffolds for 1, 4, and 7 d ( D ). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

    Article Snippet: Primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were obtained from one-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats.

    Techniques: Staining

    Physicochemical characterization and biocompatibility assessment of the SQPdFT surfaces. (a) SEM images showing the surface morphology of Ti, 3DFT, PdFT, SPdFT, and SQPdFT. Scale bar: 500 nm and 100 nm, respectively. (b) EDS elemental mapping (Ag, O, C, and N) images of the SQPdFT surfaces. Scale bar: 1 μm. (c) Contact angles of the various surfaces. (d) XRD patterns of 3DFT, PdFT, SPdFT, and SQPdFT. (e) Raman shifts for 3DFT, PdFT, SPdFT, and SQPdFT. (f) FTIR spectra of PDA, Que, and SQPdFT. (g) Cell viability of RAW264.7 cells cultured on different Ti plates for 24, 48, and 72 h. Data represents the means ± S.D. (n = 5 per group). n.s. indicates no significance. (h) CLSM images of BMSCs adhered onto the different Ti sheet's surfaces. Scale bar: 200 μm, respectively.

    Journal: Bioactive Materials

    Article Title: Silver-quercetin-loaded honeycomb-like Ti-based interface combats infection-triggered excessive inflammation via specific bactericidal and macrophage reprogramming

    doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.09.012

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Physicochemical characterization and biocompatibility assessment of the SQPdFT surfaces. (a) SEM images showing the surface morphology of Ti, 3DFT, PdFT, SPdFT, and SQPdFT. Scale bar: 500 nm and 100 nm, respectively. (b) EDS elemental mapping (Ag, O, C, and N) images of the SQPdFT surfaces. Scale bar: 1 μm. (c) Contact angles of the various surfaces. (d) XRD patterns of 3DFT, PdFT, SPdFT, and SQPdFT. (e) Raman shifts for 3DFT, PdFT, SPdFT, and SQPdFT. (f) FTIR spectra of PDA, Que, and SQPdFT. (g) Cell viability of RAW264.7 cells cultured on different Ti plates for 24, 48, and 72 h. Data represents the means ± S.D. (n = 5 per group). n.s. indicates no significance. (h) CLSM images of BMSCs adhered onto the different Ti sheet's surfaces. Scale bar: 200 μm, respectively.

    Article Snippet: Primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from the femur and tibial shafts of 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats using established cell isolation techniques.

    Techniques: Cell Culture

    Experimental validation of the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway activated by Que and bone homeostasis indirectly regulated by SQPdFT in vitro. (a–e) Western blot analysis of macrophage polarization-related proteins. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with LPS, Que, and various concentrations of Mifobate for 48 h. Data represent mean ± S.D. (n = 3 per group). ∗ indicates a statistical difference compared to the 0 μM group ( P < 0.05). (f) Images of immunofluorescence staining of iNOS and CD206 in different groups. Scale bar: 100 μm. (g) Diagram of the molecular mechanisms by which Que regulates macrophage polarization via the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway. (h) Schematic of the experimental protocol by which SQPdFT regulates osteoclast differentiation of BMMs in vitro. (i) TRAP staining of BMMs cultured in different induction media. Scale bar: 100 μm. (j) Schematic of the experimental protocol by which SQPdFT regulates osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. (k) ALP staining and Alizarin red staining were performed to test the effect of different CM on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSC. Scale bar: 100 μm. (l, m) ALP activity and ARS absorbance detection of BMSCs in the groups of the control, Ti, 3DFT, PdFT, SPdFT, and SQPdFT groups. Data represent mean ± S.D. (n = 3 per group). n.s. indicates no significant, ∗ indicates a statistical difference compared to the control group ( P < 0.05). # indicates a statistical difference compared to the Ti group ( P < 0.05).

    Journal: Bioactive Materials

    Article Title: Silver-quercetin-loaded honeycomb-like Ti-based interface combats infection-triggered excessive inflammation via specific bactericidal and macrophage reprogramming

    doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.09.012

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental validation of the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway activated by Que and bone homeostasis indirectly regulated by SQPdFT in vitro. (a–e) Western blot analysis of macrophage polarization-related proteins. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with LPS, Que, and various concentrations of Mifobate for 48 h. Data represent mean ± S.D. (n = 3 per group). ∗ indicates a statistical difference compared to the 0 μM group ( P < 0.05). (f) Images of immunofluorescence staining of iNOS and CD206 in different groups. Scale bar: 100 μm. (g) Diagram of the molecular mechanisms by which Que regulates macrophage polarization via the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway. (h) Schematic of the experimental protocol by which SQPdFT regulates osteoclast differentiation of BMMs in vitro. (i) TRAP staining of BMMs cultured in different induction media. Scale bar: 100 μm. (j) Schematic of the experimental protocol by which SQPdFT regulates osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. (k) ALP staining and Alizarin red staining were performed to test the effect of different CM on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSC. Scale bar: 100 μm. (l, m) ALP activity and ARS absorbance detection of BMSCs in the groups of the control, Ti, 3DFT, PdFT, SPdFT, and SQPdFT groups. Data represent mean ± S.D. (n = 3 per group). n.s. indicates no significant, ∗ indicates a statistical difference compared to the control group ( P < 0.05). # indicates a statistical difference compared to the Ti group ( P < 0.05).

    Article Snippet: Primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from the femur and tibial shafts of 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats using established cell isolation techniques.

    Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, In Vitro, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Cell Culture, Activity Assay, Control

    Identification of BMSCs-exosomes. (A) Size distribution of BMSCs-exosomes. (B) transmission electron microscopy image of BMSCs-exosomes. Scale bars: 100 nm. (C) Western blot results of exosome surface proteins

    Journal: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

    Article Title: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote osteoblast proliferation, migration and inhibit apoptosis by regulating KLF3-AS1/miR-338-3p

    doi: 10.1186/s12891-024-07236-0

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of BMSCs-exosomes. (A) Size distribution of BMSCs-exosomes. (B) transmission electron microscopy image of BMSCs-exosomes. Scale bars: 100 nm. (C) Western blot results of exosome surface proteins

    Article Snippet: Primary mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were purchased from ATCC and cultured in a humidity-adjustable incubator containing 5% CO 2 at 37°C.

    Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Western Blot

    Effects of BMSCs-exosomes on the function of MC3T3-E1 cells. (A) Screening of BMSCs-Exo concentration. (B) BMSCS-EXO-induced KLF3-AS1 elevation can be transfected with si-KLF3-AS1 inversion. BMSCs-Exo can promote the (C) cell viability and (D) migration of MC3T3-E1 cells and inhibit (E) cell apoptosis. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. control group; ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. BMSCs-Exo group ( n = 5, one-way ANOVA).

    Journal: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

    Article Title: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote osteoblast proliferation, migration and inhibit apoptosis by regulating KLF3-AS1/miR-338-3p

    doi: 10.1186/s12891-024-07236-0

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of BMSCs-exosomes on the function of MC3T3-E1 cells. (A) Screening of BMSCs-Exo concentration. (B) BMSCS-EXO-induced KLF3-AS1 elevation can be transfected with si-KLF3-AS1 inversion. BMSCs-Exo can promote the (C) cell viability and (D) migration of MC3T3-E1 cells and inhibit (E) cell apoptosis. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. control group; ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. BMSCs-Exo group ( n = 5, one-way ANOVA).

    Article Snippet: Primary mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were purchased from ATCC and cultured in a humidity-adjustable incubator containing 5% CO 2 at 37°C.

    Techniques: Concentration Assay, Transfection, Migration, Control

    Effects of miR-338-3p in MC3T3-E1 cells incubated with BMSCs-Exo. (A) Transfection of miR-338-3p inhibitors down-regulated the expression level of miR-338-3p in BMSCs-Exo incubated MC3T3-E1 cells. The decrease of miR-338-3p can promote the (B) viability and (C) migration of BMSCs-Exo incubated MC3T3-E1 cells, and inhibit (D) cell apoptosis. *** p < 0.001 vs. Control group; ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. BMSC-Exos + si-NC group; & p < 0.05, && p < 0.01, &&& p < 0.001 vs. BMSC-Exos + si-KLF3-AS1 + inhibitor-NC group ( n = 5, one-way ANOVA).

    Journal: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

    Article Title: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote osteoblast proliferation, migration and inhibit apoptosis by regulating KLF3-AS1/miR-338-3p

    doi: 10.1186/s12891-024-07236-0

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of miR-338-3p in MC3T3-E1 cells incubated with BMSCs-Exo. (A) Transfection of miR-338-3p inhibitors down-regulated the expression level of miR-338-3p in BMSCs-Exo incubated MC3T3-E1 cells. The decrease of miR-338-3p can promote the (B) viability and (C) migration of BMSCs-Exo incubated MC3T3-E1 cells, and inhibit (D) cell apoptosis. *** p < 0.001 vs. Control group; ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. BMSC-Exos + si-NC group; & p < 0.05, && p < 0.01, &&& p < 0.001 vs. BMSC-Exos + si-KLF3-AS1 + inhibitor-NC group ( n = 5, one-way ANOVA).

    Article Snippet: Primary mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were purchased from ATCC and cultured in a humidity-adjustable incubator containing 5% CO 2 at 37°C.

    Techniques: Incubation, Transfection, Expressing, Migration, Control

    PTEN is a target gene of miR-338-3p. (A) Complementary sites of miR-338-3p and PTEN. (B) luciferase reporter gene assay. *** p < 0.001 vs. Control group ( n = 5, one-way ANOVA). The expression level of PTEN in serum was down-regulated in patients with (C) hand fracture and (D) intraarticular fracture (Healthy individuals = 65, Hand fracture = 35, Intra-articular fracture = 30). *** p < 0.001 vs. Healthy individuals (Independent sample t test). (E) The content of PTEN was increased in BMSCs-Exo incubated cells. *** p < 0.001 vs. control group; ### p < 0.001 vs. BMSCs-Exo + si-NC group; &&& p < 0.001 vs. BMSCs-Exo + si-KLF3-AS1 + inhibitor-NC group ( n = 5, one-way ANOVA).

    Journal: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

    Article Title: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote osteoblast proliferation, migration and inhibit apoptosis by regulating KLF3-AS1/miR-338-3p

    doi: 10.1186/s12891-024-07236-0

    Figure Lengend Snippet: PTEN is a target gene of miR-338-3p. (A) Complementary sites of miR-338-3p and PTEN. (B) luciferase reporter gene assay. *** p < 0.001 vs. Control group ( n = 5, one-way ANOVA). The expression level of PTEN in serum was down-regulated in patients with (C) hand fracture and (D) intraarticular fracture (Healthy individuals = 65, Hand fracture = 35, Intra-articular fracture = 30). *** p < 0.001 vs. Healthy individuals (Independent sample t test). (E) The content of PTEN was increased in BMSCs-Exo incubated cells. *** p < 0.001 vs. control group; ### p < 0.001 vs. BMSCs-Exo + si-NC group; &&& p < 0.001 vs. BMSCs-Exo + si-KLF3-AS1 + inhibitor-NC group ( n = 5, one-way ANOVA).

    Article Snippet: Primary mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were purchased from ATCC and cultured in a humidity-adjustable incubator containing 5% CO 2 at 37°C.

    Techniques: Luciferase, Reporter Gene Assay, Control, Expressing, Incubation